![]() Can J Microbiol 22(10):1415–1424īlanton CM, Ewel JJ (1985) Leaf-cutting ant herbivory in successional and agricultural tropical ecosystems. Academic Press, New York, pp 121–143īismanis JE (1976) Endosymbionts of Sitodrepa panicea. ![]() Proc Plant Sci 94(2–3):137–148īeaver RA, Wilding N, Collins N, Hammond P, Webber J (1989) Insect-fungus relationships in the bark and ambrosia beetles. Allanheld, Osmun & Co, Montclair, pp 259–265īatra LR (1985) Ambrosia beetles and their associated fungi: research trends and techniques. In: Batra LR (ed) Insect-fungus symbiosis. Science 153(3732):193–195īatra LR (1979) The mutualistic fungi of Xyleborini beetles. BMC Biol 8(1):109īatra LR (1966) Ambrosia fungi: extent of specificity to ambrosia beetles. Insects 3(1):41–61īarke J, Seipke RF, Grüschow S, Heavens D, Drou N, Bibb MJ, Goss RJ, Douglas WY, Hutchings MI (2010) A mixed community of actinomycetes produce multiple antibiotics for the fungus farming ant Acromyrmex octospinosus. UNESCO, Paris, pp 121–125Īylward FO, Currie CR, Suen G (2012) The evolutionary innovation of nutritional symbioses in leaf-cutter ants. In: Termites in the humid tropics, proceedings of the New Delhi symposium. Experientia 34(5):559–560Īusat A, Cheema PS, Koshi T, Perti SL, Ranganathan SK (1960, October) Laboratory culturing of termites. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 289–306Ībo-Khatwa N (1978) Cellulase of fungus-growing termites: a new hypothesis on its origin. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 189–208Ībe T, Bignell DE, Higashi M, Higashi T, Abe Y (eds) (2000c) Termites: evolution, sociality, symbioses, ecology. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 335–336Ībe T, Bignell DE, Higashi M, Higashi T, Abe Y (eds) (2000b) Termites: evolution, sociality, symbioses, ecology. Proc Natl Acad Sci 99(23):14887–14892Ībe T, Bignell DE, Higashi M, Higashi T, Abe Y (eds) (2000a) Termites: evolution, sociality, symbioses, ecology. KeywordsĪanen DK, Eggleton P, Rouland-Lefevre C, Guldberg-Frøslev T, Rosendahl S, Boomsma JJ (2002) The evolution of fungus-growing termites and their mutualistic fungal symbionts. ![]() The interaction between yeast and insects has also been discussed in ample detail, with our focus mainly on the areas in which each participant in the interaction benefits. The benefits of these interactions range from nutrition to the spore dispersal of fungi as well as protection from predators and competitors. These interactions are based on a complex and interesting evolutionary line, which finally introduces the concept of mutuality into this insect community. ![]() This chapter deliberates the various aspects and properties of fungal interactions with mushroom growers such as leaf-cutters (Attina ants), termites, and ambrosia beetles. Much of the research on reciprocal interactions between insects and microbes have focused on bacterial associations with insects, more or less ignoring the fact that interactions between insects and fungi are equally important which usually follow the same mechanisms and pathways as associations between insects and Bacteria. Since such interfaces occur in the form of mutual interactions, which in turn leads to the participating organisms achieving rich and important advantages that are necessary for their survival and development. Such an interaction, which exists between microbes and herbivores like insects, has become a topic of great importance for researchers far and wide. Microbes are known to interact with a variety of organisms belonging to different classes, genera, or species through their own diverse and specific pathways and mechanisms.
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